张 焱,欧逢莲,黄国玉,谷 缘,张 艳

认知功能障碍是海马、皮层等部位出现异常，导致记忆、学习、执行、表达、理解等能力降低或功能受损的综合性障碍。神经胶质细胞主要包括星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞等，起着构建血脑屏障、参与信息传递和免疫应答、形成神经血管单元等多种功能。已有大量研究表明，神经胶质细胞，特别是星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞，在认知功能障碍发病过程中起着关键作用。天然产物是指动、植物提取物或昆虫、海洋生物、微生物体内的组成成分或代谢产物，具有多药理效应、多作用靶点、毒性相对较小的特点，在改善认知功能障碍方面具有显著优势。本文主要综述了近年来天然产物靶向调控胶质细胞改善认知功能障碍的研究进展，以期为相关天然产物的开发及应用提供理论参考。

天然产物；认知功能障碍；星形胶质细胞；小胶质细胞

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