黄国玉,欧逢莲,张 焱,怀亦萱,张 艳

认知功能障碍主要表现为记忆力、注意力、语言或执行能力等的缺损。脑膜免疫细胞是维持认知功能的重要调控者。近年发现，硬脑膜内存在以巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、B细胞和T细胞等为主的免疫微环境，可通过脑膜淋巴管与外周免疫连接。脑膜免疫细胞的定位和激活状态能显著影响中枢神经系统的稳态，生理状态下，这些细胞主要通过IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ等因子调节小胶质细胞极化、海马神经发生和突触可塑性，T细胞耗竭或淋巴引流受阻均可导致学习记忆能力下降。通过调控脑膜免疫细胞失衡可改善多种与认知障碍有关的疾病，本文综述了脑膜免疫细胞的分类，重点探讨适应性免疫细胞T细胞对认知功能的影响，有助于为认知功能障碍的机制研究及免疫干预策略提供新的思路。

中枢神经系统；脑膜免疫；认知功能障碍

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