Chenfei Qu,Jingru Liu,Jie Du,Yuanmeng Li,Chao Liu

Willingness to help in emergencies does not always result in effective first-aid action. Among non-medical university students, a gap remains between strong willingness and limited first-aid competency. This problem reflects not only insufficient knowledge and skills, but also weaknesses in current educational management. Based on studies published from 2015 to 2025, this review identifies three main factors contributing to the gap: low learning engagement, inaccurate self-assessment, and fragmented one-time training. In response, an integrated competency-based framework is proposed, including curriculum reform, refresher training, reflective assessment, simulation-based learning, and university-community cooperation. This study suggests that first-aid competency should be treated as an important part of university health education rather than an optional activity. The framework provides practical guidance for future educational reform.

first aid education; competency-based education; educational management; framework construction; non-medical university students

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