Xiaotao Li

Basketball is characterized by high-intensity competition, frequent decision-making demands, and critical moments where the margin for error is minimal. In such an environment, psychological pressure has been consistently identified as a primary factor affecting shooting accuracy, motor execution, and overall competitive performance. This paper systematically examines the sources of in-game psychological pressure confronting basketball players, analyzes the mechanisms through which pressure impairs performance, and synthesizes current evidence on effective regulation strategies. The theoretical framework integrates attentional control theory with the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat appraisal. Key intervention approaches reviewed include cognitive-behavioral strategies (rational restructuring, self-talk), mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions (MAC protocol, Mindfulness for Performance programme), biofeedback and neurofeedback training, and imagery-based techniques (PETTLEP). Empirical studies indicate that higher inhibitory control capacity moderates the adverse effects of environmental pressure on shooting performance, that as little as 15 minutes of mindfulness training may offer protective effects against performance decline, and that mindfulness-acceptance-commitment approaches significantly reduce sports competition anxiety while enhancing athletic performance. The paper concludes by proposing an integrated multi-level pressure regulation framework and discussing practical implications for coaches, sport psychologists, and basketball practitioners.

basketball; psychological pressure; stress regulation; mindfulness; cognitive-behavioral intervention; clutch performance

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