穆湫原

建筑行业长期面临生产力低下、沟通效率低以及信息碎片化等挑战。随着数字化技术的发展，建筑信息模型（BIM）和数字孪生（Digital Twin, DT）作为促进行业转型的关键技术，受到了广泛关注。本文基于最新文献，系统性探讨了BIM与DT在概念起源、核心特征及应用维度的差异。研究表明，BIM是创建高价值DT的最佳基础，而DT通过集成物联网（IoT）与实时数据，弥补了BIM在建筑运营阶段动态交互能力的不足。本文总结了两者融合在建筑生命周期中的应用潜力、面临的标准化及数据安全等挑战，并对未来的韧性数字孪生发展方向进行了展望。

建筑信息模型；数字孪生；物联网；建筑运营管理

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