赵悦岐

膨胀土因富含蒙脱石等强亲水性黏土矿物，在降雨入渗与干湿交替气候条件下极易发生结构崩解与强度衰减，是诱发边坡失稳、路基沉陷及隧道围岩劣化的重要致灾介质。与常规黏性土不同，膨胀土的崩解表现出显著的水敏主导性与裂隙控制特征，其破坏过程本质上是基质吸力释放、晶层水化膨胀与孔隙气闭效应共同驱动的结构失稳过程。在此基础上，重点分析了物质组成、初始含水率、干密度、干湿循环及应力边界条件等关键变量对崩解特性的影响规律。结果表明，膨胀土的崩解行为受内在结构状态与外在水力环境的双重制约，呈现显著的非线性演化特征。未来应聚焦于微观损伤的定量表征与非饱和土多场耦合崩解模型的构建，为工程防灾提供理论支撑。

膨胀土；崩解机制；影响因素；干湿循环；基质吸力

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