周昌存,吴贤建

肝细胞癌（Hepatocellular Carcinoma，HCC）是全球范围内高发病率和高死亡率的恶性肿瘤，其发生发展与肿瘤免疫微环境的失调密切相关。白细胞免疫球蛋白样受体（Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptors，LILRs）作为免疫细胞表面重要的调节性受体，在固有免疫和适应性免疫应答中扮演着“免疫检查点”的关键角色。本文系统综述了LILRs家族（尤其是抑制性受体LILRB1-5和激活性受体LILRA1-6）在HCC肿瘤微环境中的表达模式、功能机制及其对肿瘤免疫逃逸的调控作用。重点探讨了LILRs作为HCC新型生物标志物的诊断潜力。以及靶向LILRs的免疫治疗策略（如单克隆抗体、双特异性抗体、联合疗法）的最新临床前与临床研究进展。通过整合近年来的研究成果。旨在为HCC的精准诊断和免疫治疗提供新的思路和理论依据。

LILRs；肝细胞癌；肿瘤免疫微环境；免疫检查点；生物标志物；免疫治疗

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