何俊葵,任海林

良性前列腺增生是老年男性高发疾病，其发病机制涉及激素失衡、代谢异常、慢性炎症及昼夜节律紊乱的多因素交互作用，其中基底细胞异常增殖与免疫微环境失调形成恶性循环。诊断依托磁共振成像精准评估前列腺结构，结合尿动力学参数（如膀胱出口梗阻）实现个体化分型。治疗策略以药物联合（α受体阻滞剂+5α-还原酶抑制剂）和超级微创技术为核心，兼顾症状控制与功能保护。未来研究需聚焦分子分型靶向治疗、微创技术长期疗效验证及环境-代谢交互机制解析，通过多学科协作推动良性前列腺增生从“症状控制”向“病因防控”的诊疗模式转变。

良性前列腺增生；发病机制；磁共振成像；超级微创技术

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