屈嘉欣,廖梓妤,杜光敏,张一飞

本研究通过随机对照试验探讨中医护理联合心理干预对老年轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者的认知功能改善效果及神经机制。纳入120例MCI患者（60-80岁），随机分为干预组（接受12周中医护理与心理干预）和对照组（常规健康宣教）。结果显示，干预组在干预后蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）总分显著提升3.8分（p<0.001），听觉词语学习测验（AVLT）延迟回忆得分提高27.5%（p<0.001），且效果持续至随访3个月。神经影像学数据表明，干预组左侧海马体积增加2.8%（p=0.002），默认网络与突显网络功能连接增强（r=0.35，p=0.008）。生物学指标显示，干预组脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）水平升高18.6%（p<0.001），β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ42）下降12.3%（p=0.03），且BDNF变化中介了32%的认知改善效应（95%CI[0.14,0.47]）。研究表明，基于“形神共调”理论的综合干预通过调节神经可塑性及Aβ代谢显著改善认知功能，为老龄化社会提供了低成本、非药物干预方案，但需进一步验证长期效果及标准化操作。

老年认知障碍；中医护理；心理干预；神经可塑性；随机对照试验；脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）；形神共调理论

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