倪良伟,许 炜

本文综述了类器官技术在肿瘤研究中的最新进展及其未来发展趋势。首先，文章阐述了肿瘤细胞高度异质性和复杂微环境所带来的精准诊断及个体化治疗挑战，指出传统二维细胞培养和动物模型在重现肿瘤真实状态方面的局限性。随后，详细介绍了类器官的基本概念、形成原理及分类，强调其在三维体外培养体系中对原始组织结构和功能的高度还原。文章进一步探讨了类器官在肿瘤发生机制解析、肿瘤微环境重构、高通量药物筛选、药敏性预测及免疫治疗评估中的应用，并分析了其在模拟体内环境、培养标准化和成本控制等方面存在的不足。最后，本文对新技术（如微流控、3D打印和基因编辑）的整合、多模型联合应用以及标准化生物库建设等未来研究方向进行了前瞻性展望，旨在为肿瘤精准治疗提供更为坚实的技术支持和理论依据。

类器官；肿瘤研究；精准医疗；药物筛选；肿瘤微环境；个体化治疗；临床转化

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