覃一玲

早产儿胃肠道发育尚未成熟，尤其胎龄不足34周者消化酶分泌不足、胃肠动力协调性差、肠道屏障功能薄弱，出生后极易出现肠胀气与喂养不耐受（Feeding Intolerance，FI）[1,2]。中药脐疗（Umbilical Herbal Therapy）将特定中药制成散剂、糊剂或预制贴剂敷于神阙穴（肚脐），可实现温中散寒、理气消胀、健脾和胃的治疗目的。近年临床随机对照试验（RCT）表明，中药脐疗可显著缩短腹胀消退时间、降低胃潴留发生率、促进全肠内营养达标。然而，现有研究仍存在样本量偏小、干预方案缺乏标准化、机制研究薄弱等局限。本文系统回顾近五年国内外相关高质量文献，为NICU临床实践与未来高质量研究提供参考。

中药脐疗；胃肠道发育；早产儿喂养；现代药理学；皮肤安全性

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