赵 亮

代谢性疾病，如2型糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪性肝病和肥胖等，已成为全球性的重大公共卫生问题，其核心病理生理机制与胰岛素抵抗、脂质代谢紊乱和慢性炎症密切相关。磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（PI3K/Akt/mTOR）信号通路是细胞内调控糖脂代谢、能量平衡和自噬的核心通路，其在代谢性疾病的发生发展中扮演着关键角色。电针作为一种结合传统针灸与现代电刺激的物理疗法，在改善代谢紊乱方面显示出显著疗效。本文旨在综述电针干预通过调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路，在改善胰岛素敏感性、调节脂质代谢、减轻炎症反应及调控细胞自噬等方面的效应与分子机制，为电针治疗代谢性疾病提供科学依据，并展望其临床应用前景。

电针；PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路；代谢性疾病；胰岛素抵抗；自噬；机制

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