毛 倩,蒋玉洁,韦春蕾

肺结核（Pulmonary tuberculosis，PTB）是由结核分枝杆菌感染引发的呼吸系统传染病，全球年发病超千万例。随着工业化进程加速，空气污染逐渐成为重要的环境健康问题。其中，特别是空气动力学直径≤2.5μm的细颗粒物（fine particulate matter，PM2.5），是空气污染的主要组成部分，因其粒径小、滞留时间长且富集大量有害物质，可深入肺泡诱发呼吸道损伤，促进呼吸系统疾病发生发展。大量研究证实，PM2.5暴露与PTB的发生发展存在密切关联，其作用机制复杂多样。本文就PM2.5的来源、理化特性及其对PTB的损伤机制进行综述，旨在为易感人群防护和临床干预策略提供科学依据。

细颗粒物；肺结核；炎症反应；结核分枝杆菌

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