刘一恒,张 杰,陈现亮

DLX基因家族是高度保守的同源异型盒基因，在胚胎发育和体内平衡中至关重要。其六个成员以三对基因簇形式存在，表达受共享增强子调控。近年来，DLX基因的表达失调被证实广泛参与肿瘤发生。研究表明，在不同癌症中，特定DLX成员通过调控关键信号通路（如Wnt/β-catenin、TGF-β）或分子网络（如miRNA、EMT），分别发挥癌基因或抑癌基因功能。例如，DLX5促进肺癌进展，DLX4驱动乳腺癌侵袭，而DLX3在鳞癌中与p53协同抑癌。在白血病中，DLX基因异常亦与发病相关。本综述系统总结了DLX基因家族在多种肿瘤中的表达、功能及机制。

DLX基因；同源异型盒基因；肿瘤发生；分子机制；生物标志物

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