万中益,金艳霞

随着宫颈癌（cervical cancer，CC）筛查普及及诊断技术提升，近年来我国确诊CC的比例不断升高，并且趋于年轻化。其发病原因仍未完全明确，一般认为与HPV感染、性行为过早及紊乱、生育过早及频繁等多种因素有关[1]。当宫颈上皮细胞不受机体控制异常增殖就转变为CC，这些异型细胞可侵入周围组织及器官，甚至可以扩散转移至身体远处。患者早期通常无明显症状,经确诊一般已经发展至中晚期。CC发展至中晚期时,肿瘤细胞通常蔓延至临近部位，侵犯至阴道壁、后穹窿、宫旁组织等，严重时还可侵犯至膀胱、直肠，同时还可沿血液及淋巴系统转移至淋巴结、肺、肝及骨组织等。除阴道流血、尿频、尿急、尿痛、便秘、腹泻等症状，严重时甚至会出现肾积水、尿毒症等并发症[2-3]。若不及时予以患者有效治疗，肿瘤细胞发生淋巴结转移并转移到身体各个部位，不仅会增加患者治疗难度，还不利于延长其生存时间，危害性极强。中晚期CC因肿瘤细胞活性强，病灶大，转移风险高，不适合手术治疗，主要以放化疗进行干预,其可以通过杀死肿瘤细胞、抑制肿瘤生长、减轻症状等延长患者的生存期,提高生活质量。相对于传统手术治疗,患者可能会面临出血、感染和其他并发症等风险，放化疗是一种非手术治疗方法，包括放射治疗和化学药物治疗[4-5]。放射治疗是使用高能量X射线或其他粒子破坏肿瘤细胞，促进肿瘤细胞凋亡和坏死，化学药物治疗则是通过血液循环将药物运输至全身各个器官，直接破坏局部或者转移的肿瘤细胞。

中晚期宫颈癌；放疗；顺铂增敏；同步放化疗

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