成淑豪,王玉清

白介素-26（IL-26）是IL-10细胞因子家族中唯一兼具直接抗菌与促炎活性的Th17细胞因子，其通过破坏病原体细胞膜、激活免疫细胞及调控炎症反应参与宿主防御。结核病（TB）作为全球第二大传染病死因，其致病菌结核分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis，MTB）可通过脂质依赖性机制逃逸巨噬细胞杀伤。近年研究发现，IL-26不仅能直接结合MTB细胞壁脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖（LAM）诱导细菌裂解，还可通过TLR2信号增强巨噬细胞分泌肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和CXC趋化因子配体8（CXCL8），协同抑制MTB增殖。然而，IL-26的过度促炎效应可能加剧肺部组织损伤，提示其治疗应用需权衡免疫保护与病理损伤的平衡。本文系统综述IL-26的分子特性、免疫调控机制及其在结核病中的潜在治疗价值，为开发新型抗结核策略提供理论依据。

细胞因子；IL-26；结核分枝杆菌；Th17细胞；免疫调节；抗菌肽；组织损伤

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