陈嘉琦,甘桂芬

脓毒症是感染诱发的全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS），其核心病理机制为炎症因子网络失衡引发的“免疫紊乱-组织损伤-多器官功能障碍”级联反应，是全球重症医学领域病死率最高的疾病之一。本文系统梳理炎症因子在脓毒症中的作用机制、动态演变规律，重点阐述其作为生物标志物的诊断、病情评估及预后预测价值，深入分析靶向炎症因子的治疗策略的研究进展与临床转化现状，并针对当前存在的异质性、治疗窗口精准性等问题，提出多组学整合、个体化诊疗等未来发展方向。研究表明，动态监测炎症因子谱可显著提升脓毒症诊疗效率，而新型靶向疗法为改善患者预后提供了新路径，未来需进一步推动基础研究与临床实践的深度融合，构建脓毒症精准诊疗体系。

脓毒症；炎症因子；生物标志物；靶向治疗；免疫调节；多器官功能障碍综合征

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