陈海岳,朱 斌,阿 海,雷登强,关炳瑜

斜外侧腰椎椎体间融合术（Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion，OLIF）作为一种创新的微创脊柱融合技术，近年来在腰椎退行性疾病、畸形矫正等领域展现出显著优势。本文系统综述了OLIF技术的解剖入路基础、手术操作要点、主要适应症（如腰椎退变性滑脱、椎管狭窄、退变性侧弯、椎间盘源性腰痛、腰椎术后邻椎病等）、临床疗效（包括手术时间、出血量、融合率、疼痛视觉模拟评分VAS、Oswestry功能障碍指数ODI改善等核心指标）、相关并发症（血管损伤、腰丛神经损伤、交感神经损伤、腹膜撕裂、融合器沉降等）及其预防策略。同时，探讨了导航/机器人辅助、OLIF（L5-S1）、镜下融合（Endo-OLIF）、新型融合器设计等最新技术进展。分析表明，OLIF具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快、融合率高、有效恢复椎间隙高度和腰椎生理曲度、间接减压效果显著等优点。然而，其学习曲线、大血管及腰丛神经损伤风险、长节段固定稳定性问题仍需重视。未来研究需聚焦于长期疗效随访（>10年）、并发症预警及精准预防体系的建立、操作技术标准化与规范化、新型生物材料和智能手术系统的应用，以进一步优化其安全性和有效性，拓展其在复杂脊柱疾病中的应用边界。

斜外侧腰椎椎体间融合术；OLIF；腰椎退行性疾病；微创脊柱外科；椎间融合；腰椎滑脱；脊柱侧弯；并发症

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