王亦晨,陈仲海

术后认知功能障碍（Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction，POCD）是外科手术后常见的中枢神经系统并发症，尤其好发于老年患者，严重影响患者的术后恢复质量和远期预后。艾司氯胺酮（Esketamine）作为氯胺酮的右旋异构体，具有更强的镇痛和更少的精神副作用潜力，近年来其在围术期神经保护方面的作用备受关注。本文旨在综述术中应用艾司氯胺酮对POCD影响的相关研究，探讨其潜在机制、临床应用现状、有效剂量、安全性以及未来研究方向，为临床预防和治疗POCD提供参考。

艾司氯胺酮；术后认知功能障碍；术中应用；神经保护；炎症反应

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