焦晓媛,熊正方

多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是一种涉及内分泌和代谢系统的复杂疾病，常见于育龄女性。其典型症状包括月经紊乱、体内雄激素水平升高以及卵巢呈现多囊样改变，且患者常伴随胰岛素抵抗和肥胖问题。近年研究指出，遗传因素在PCOS的发生中扮演了关键角色，且该病表现出显著的家族遗传倾向。同时，表观遗传学的研究也揭示了环境因素与遗传倾向之间的复杂关系。由于PCOS的多样性和复杂性，其研究面临诸多挑战。未来研究应着重探索基因与环境的相互作用、推进个性化治疗策略以及将遗传标记应用于临床实践。对PCOS遗传机制的深入理解有望为患者的诊断、管理和治疗开辟新的途径。

多囊卵巢综合征；遗传标记和基因；家族遗传倾向；基因－环境相互作用

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