陈素娟,任 明

心律失常（Arrhythmia）是心脏电活动紊乱导致的心跳异常，可引发晕厥、心力衰竭（Heart Failure，HF）甚至猝死。近年来，随着分子生物学、电生理学及计算医学的发展，心律失常的基础机制研究取得了重要进展。本文综述了心律失常的分子机制如离子通道异常、钙调控失衡、基因突变；细胞机制如电偶联障碍、自主神经调控；组织重构如纤维化、结构重塑；以及最新研究技术如光遗传学、类器官模型、单细胞测序的应用，并探讨了未来研究方向，为精准治疗提供理论依据。

心律失常；离子通道；钙调控；电重构；基因突变

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