李瑞珍,常泽文,许文莉,杨秀梅

“痛经”源自希腊词根，意为月经困难，是女性最常见的妇科疾病之一，根据有无生殖系统器质性病变可分为继发性痛经和原发性痛经。继发性痛经是与其它疾病有关的疼痛，例如：盆腔炎症、子宫内膜异位症、平滑肌瘤、子宫腺肌症、先天性解剖异常等。原发性痛经（primary dysmenorrhea,PD）指女性在月经期间或行经前后，下腹出现疼痛、坠胀，或伴腰部酸痛及其他不适，且没有任何疾病能够解释的腹痛。PD患病率常在女性30岁前达到高峰,是青春期女孩中最常见的妇科问题[1][2]。主要表现为行经第1天疼痛严重，持续 2～3 d 后缓解，月经结束后症状消失。发病时不仅对女性生活造成不良影响，也对其心理带来伤害，严重影响患者的生活质量。本文通过查阅原发性痛经的相关文献，整理并归纳该疾病的诊断，危险因素，病因病机和治疗方法，以期为临床提供参考依据。

原发性痛经；痛经

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